Pre-diabetes linked to gum inflammation and periodontitis

Summarised from:

Cross-sectional associations of impaired glucose metabolism measures with bleeding on probing and periodontitis
(Journal of Clinical Periodontology; doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12662)

Authors:

Cynthia M Pérez, Francisco Muñoz, Oelisoa M Andriankaja, Christine S Ritchie, Sasha Martínez, José Vergara, José Vivaldi, Lydia López, Maribel Campos, Kaumudi J Joshipura

Summarised by:

Dr Varkha Rattu

Research Topic:

Background + Aims

Periodontal changes may accompany glucose disturbances before diabetes develops. Understanding this relationship could inform earlier prevention.
This study aimed to:
- Examine associations between impaired glucose metabolism, bleeding on probing and periodontitis.

Materials + Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of 1,191 overweight or obese Hispanic adults aged 40-65, without diabetes.
Tests assessed fasting glucose, glucose after a sugary drink, HbA1c and HOMA-IR (an estimate of insulin resistance)
High bleeding meant ≥30% of teeth bled on probing.
Adjusted regression accounted for demographic, lifestyle, obesity and plaque measures.

Results

Prediabetes and gum bleeding – OR 1.51 (People with prediabetes had 51% higher odds of widespread gum bleeding than those without prediabetes).
Prediabetes and severe periodontitis – OR 1.67 (People with prediabetes had 67% higher odds of severe periodontitis, compared with no or mild periodontitis, than those without prediabetes).
Insulin resistance and gum bleeding – OR 1.55 (People with insulin resistance had 55% higher odds of widespread gum bleeding than those without it).
Impaired HbA1c alone showed no significant association with bleeding on probing or periodontitis when assessed separately

Limitations

Cross-sectional measurements cannot establish causality or which condition developed first.
Participant selection limits generalisability
Residual confounding remains possible.

Conclusion

Early glucose disturbances may accompany periodontal inflammation.
Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify their relationship.

Read the full article Back to Research

Research | 13.01.17

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